Imboni ye-photovoltaic ibhekene noguquko lokusebenza kahle nokuthembeka oluholwa amamojula elanga amabili anamagagasi amabili (aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amamojula engilazi amabili anamagasi amabili). Lobu buchwepheshe bushintsha indlela yobuchwepheshe kanye nephethini yokusetshenziswa kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke ngokukhiqiza ugesi ngokumunca amandla okukhanya avela ezinhlangothini zombili zezingxenye futhi buhlanganise nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuqina ezilethwa ukupakisha ingilazi. Lesi sihloko sizokwenza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezici eziyinhloko, inani lokusebenza elisebenzayo, kanye namathuba nezinselele ezizobhekana nazo esikhathini esizayo samamojula engilazi amabili anamagasi amabili, kwembula ukuthi aqhuba kanjani imboni ye-photovoltaic ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi nge-kilowatt-hora, kanye nokuzivumelanisa kabanzi nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Eziyinhloko: Igxathu eliphindwe kabili ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuthembekeni
Ubuhle obuyinhloko bemoduli yengilazi ephindwe kabili ye-bifacial busekukwazini kwayo ukukhiqiza ugesi okuphumelelayo. Ngokungafani namamoduli endabuko ahlangothi olulodwa, umhlane wayo ungabamba ngempumelelo ukukhanya okukhanyayo komhlabathi (njengesihlabathi, iqhwa, uphahla olukhanyayo noma phansi kwesamente), okuletha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwengeziwe okukhulu. Lokhu kwaziwa embonini ngokuthi "inzuzo ephindwe kabili". Njengamanje, isilinganiso se-bifacial (isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ugesi ngemuva kunaleso esingaphambili) semikhiqizo evamile ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-85% kuya ku-90%. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu njengezingwadule, inzuzo engemuva yezingxenye ingaletha ukwanda okungu-10%-30% ekukhiqizeni ugesi jikelele. Okwamanje, lolu hlobo lwengxenye lusebenza kangcono ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi (njengezinsuku zemvula noma ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa kakhulu), kanye nokwanda kwamandla okungaphezu kuka-2%.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha nezakhiwo kuyisihluthulelo sokusekela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe (njenge-N-type TOPCon) buqhuba amandla ezingxenye ukuthi aqhubeke ekhuphuka, futhi imikhiqizo evamile ifinyelele ebangeni lika-670-720W. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa komthunzi wangaphambili futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwamanje, imboni yethule imiklamo engenama-maingrain (njengesakhiwo se-20BB) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obucwengekile (njengokuphrinta kwesikrini sensimbi). Ezingeni lokupakisha, isakhiwo sengilazi ephindwe kabili (esinengilazi ngaphambili nangemuva) sinikeza isivikelo esivelele, sigcina ukuncishiswa konyaka wokuqala kwengxenye kungaphakathi kwe-1% kanye nesilinganiso sokunciphisa sonyaka esimaphakathi singaphansi kuka-0.4%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezingxenye zendabuko zengilazi eyodwa. Ukuze kuxazululwe inselele yesisindo esikhulu samamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili (ikakhulukazi amakhulu), kwavela isisombululo se-backsheet esikhanyayo nesilula, okwenza isisindo samamojula anobukhulu obungu-210 sehliswe sibe ngaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-25, okunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokufaka.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kungenye inzuzo enkulu yemodyuli yengilazi ephindwe kabili enamacala amabili. Isakhiwo sayo esiqinile sengilazi ephindwe kabili siyinika ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nesimo sezulu, simelana ngempumelelo nokuncishiswa kwe-electropotential-induced (PID), imisebe enamandla ye-ultraviolet, umthelela wesichotho, umswakama ophezulu, ukugqwala kwe-salt spray, kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokusungula iziteshi zamandla okubonisa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele (njengezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, umoya onamandla, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu), abakhiqizi bezingxenye bahlala beqinisekisa amakhono abo okusebenza azinzile isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezibucayi.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa: Shayela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kwamaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic
Inani lamamojula engilazi amabili ahlangothini oluphindwe kabili ekugcineni libonakala ekusebenzeni kahle kwezomnotho kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwephrojekthi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa:
Iziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ezifakwe phansi: Ukwanda kwemali engenayo ezindaweni ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu: Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezineqhwa noma ezinombala okhanyayo, inzuzo yangemuva inganciphisa ngqo izindleko zikagesi ezilinganisiwe (LCOE) zephrojekthi. Isibonelo, kwenye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu e-photovoltaic eLatin America - isiteshi sikagesi i-“Cerrado Solar” esingu-766MW eBrazil, ukuthunyelwa kwamamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili akuholeli nje kuphela ekwandeni okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kodwa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamathani angu-134,000 ngonyaka. Ukuhlaziywa kwemodeli yezomnotho kukhombisa ukuthi ezifundeni ezifana neSaudi Arabia, ukwamukelwa kwamamojula e-bifacial athuthukile kunganciphisa i-LCOE cishe ngo-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko, kuyilapho futhi konga izindleko zebhalansi yesistimu (BOS).
Amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswayo: Ukusebenzisa amandla ophahla kanye nezindawo ezikhethekile: Ophahleni lwezimboni kanye nolwezentengiselwano, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kusho ukufaka izinhlelo zomthamo omkhulu ngaphakathi kwendawo elinganiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zokufakwa kweyunithi. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi kumaphrojekthi ophahla amakhulu, ukwamukelwa kwamamojula amabili asebenza kahle kakhulu kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zobunjiniyela jikelele (i-EPC) futhi kwandise inzuzo eningi yephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezindawo zesimende kanye nezindawo eziphakeme, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komthwalo wemishini kanye nokumelana nomehluko wokushisa kwamamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuthembekile. Abanye abakhiqizi sebevele bethule imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nezixazululo zokufaka zezindawo ezikhethekile njengezindawo eziphakeme.
Ukufanisa imakethe entsha yamandla: Ukwenza ngcono imali engenayo yamanani kagesi: Njengoba indlela yokusebenzisa intengo kagesi ithandwa kakhulu, intengo kagesi ehambisana nenani eliphakeme lasemini lokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ingase yehle. Amamojula amabili, anesilinganiso sawo esiphakeme se-bifacial kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu lokuphendula ukukhanya okubuthakathaka, angakhipha ugesi owengeziwe ekuseni nakusihlwa lapho amanani kagesi ephezulu, okwenza ijika lokukhiqizwa kwamandla lifane kangcono nesikhathi sentengo kagesi esiphezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe imali engenayo iyonke.
Isimo Sesicelo: Ukungena Komhlaba Wonke kanye Nokulima Okujulile Kwezigcawu
Imephu yokusetshenziswa kwamamojula engilazi amabili anezinhlangothi ezimbili ikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele:
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwesifunda sekuyinto evamile: Ezindaweni ezinemisebe ephezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu njenge-Middle East Desert, i-Gobi Desert entshonalanga yeShayina, kanye ne-Latin American Plateau, amamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili abe yisinqumo esithandwayo sokwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla ezintsha ezinkulu ezifakwe phansi. Okwamanje, ezifundeni ezineqhwa njengeNyakatho Yurophu, isici sokuzuza okuphezulu komhlane wengxenye ngaphansi kokukhanya kweqhwa (kufika ku-25%) naso sisetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zezimo ezithile ziyavela: Imboni ikhombisa ukuthambekela kokwenza ngokwezifiso okujulile ezindaweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ekuphenduleni inkinga yesihlabathi nothuli lweziteshi zamandla zasehlane, ezinye izingxenye zakhiwe ngezakhiwo ezikhethekile zobuso ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqongelela kothuli, kwehliswe imvamisa yokuhlanza kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa; Kuphrojekthi ehambisanayo ye-agro-photovoltaic, imodyuli ehambisa ukukhanya eceleni isetshenziswa ophahleni lwe-greenhouse ukuze kufezwe ukusebenzisana phakathi kokukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Ezindaweni ezinzima zasemanzini noma zasogwini, kuye kwathuthukiswa izingxenye zengilazi ephindwe kabili ezinokumelana nokugqwala okunamandla.
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Okuqhubekayo Nokubhekana Nezinselele
Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yamamojula engilazi amabili ahlangothini oluphindwe kabili igcwele amandla, kodwa futhi idinga ukubhekana nezinselele ngqo:
Ukusebenza kahle kuyaqhubeka nokwenyuka: Ubuchwepheshe bohlobo lwe-N obumelelwa yi-TOPCon njengamanje buyiwona mandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula amabili. Ubuchwepheshe be-perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cell obuphazamisa kakhulu bubonise amandla okuguqulwa kokusebenza kahle angaphezu kuka-34% elabhorethri futhi kulindeleke ukuthi bube yisihluthulelo sokukhula kokusebenza kahle kwesizukulwane esilandelayo samamojula amabili. Okwamanje, isilinganiso se-bifacial esidlula u-90% sizothuthukisa kakhulu umnikelo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla ohlangothini oluphambene.
Ukulungiswa okunamandla kwephethini yemakethe: Isabelo samanje semakethe samamojula amabili siyakhula njalo, kodwa singase sibhekane nezinguquko zesakhiwo esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba amamojula engilazi eyodwa evuthwa kubuchwepheshe obulula nokulawula izindleko (njengezinqubo ze-LECO zokuthuthukisa ukumelana namanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokupakisha ezingabizi kakhulu), isabelo sawo emakethe yophahla olusatshalaliswa kulindeleke ukuthi sande. Amamojula amabili engilazi amabili azoqhubeka nokuqinisa isikhundla sawo esivelele eziteshini zamandla ezifakwe phansi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokukhanya okuphezulu.
Izinselele eziyinhloko okufanele zixazululwe:
Isisindo kanye nebhalansi yezindleko: Ukwanda kwesisindo okulethwa yisakhiwo sengilazi ephindwe kabili (cishe u-30%) kuyisithiyo esikhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwaso okukhulu ophahleni. Ama-backsheet abonakalayo anamathuba abanzi njengendlela elula, kodwa ukumelana kwawo nesimo sezulu isikhathi eside (ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-25), ukumelana ne-UV kanye nokumelana namanzi kusadingeka kuqinisekiswe ngemininingwane eminingi yangaphandle.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwesistimu: Ukwanda kwezingxenye ezinkulu nezinamandla amakhulu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye kwemishini esekelayo njengezinhlelo zama-bracket nama-inverter, okwandisa ubunzima bomklamo wesistimu kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, futhi kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono ngokubambisana kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-18-2025