Inganda zikora imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba (photovoltaic) zirimo kuvugurura imikorere n'uburyo zizewe ziyobowe na modules z'izuba zifite imiraba ibiri (zizwi nka modules z'ikirahure cy'izuba ebyiri). Iri koranabuhanga ririmo guhindura inzira ya tekiniki n'uburyo ikoreshwa ry'isoko ry'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ku isi binyuze mu kubyaza amashanyarazi ingufu z'urumuri ku mpande zombi z'ibice no kubihuza n'inyungu zikomeye zo kuramba zizanwa no gupakira ikirahure. Iyi nkuru izakora isesengura ryimbitse ry'imiterere y'ingenzi, agaciro k'ikoreshwa, ndetse n'amahirwe n'imbogamizi bizahura nazo mu gihe kizaza za modules zifite imirasire ibiri zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, bigaragaza uburyo zitera inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba kugera ku musaruro mwiza, ku giciro gito kuri kilowati-saawa, no guhuza ibintu bitandukanye.
Ibiranga Tekiniki by'Ingenzi: Intambwe ebyiri mu mikorere myiza no kwizerwa
Icyiza cy’ingenzi cya module y’ibirahure bibiri ifite ubuso bubiri kiri mu bushobozi bwayo bwo gukora amashanyarazi. Bitandukanye na module zisanzwe zifite impande imwe, inyuma yayo ishobora gufata neza urumuri rugaragara ku butaka (nk'umucanga, urubura, ibisenge by’amabara yoroheje cyangwa hasi ha sima), bigatuma habaho amashanyarazi menshi. Ibi bizwi mu nganda nka "inyungu y’impande ebyiri". Kuri ubu, igipimo cy’impande ebyiri (igipimo cy’imikorere myiza y’amashanyarazi inyuma n’iy’imbere) mu bicuruzwa bisanzwe muri rusange kigera kuri 85% kugeza kuri 90%. Urugero, mu bidukikije birebire cyane nko mu butayu, inyungu y’inyuma y’ibice ishobora gutuma habaho ukwiyongera kwa 10%-30% mu gutanga amashanyarazi muri rusange. Hagati aho, ubu bwoko bw’ibice bukora neza mu bihe by’imirasire mike (nk’imvura cyangwa mu gitondo cya kare na nimugoroba), hamwe n’ingufu zirenga 2%.
Udushya mu bikoresho n'imiterere ni ingenzi mu gushyigikira amashanyarazi akoreshwa neza. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya bateri (nka TOPCon yo mu bwoko bwa N) ririmo gutuma imbaraga z'ibice bikomeza kwiyongera, kandi ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byinjiye mu rugero rwa 670-720W. Kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'imbere no kongera ubushobozi bwo gukusanya, inganda zashyizeho imiterere idafite ingano nini (nk'imiterere ya 20BB) n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucapa (nk'imashini icapa mu cyuma). Ku rwego rwo gupakira, imiterere y'ibirahure bibiri (ifite ikirahure imbere n'inyuma) itanga uburinzi buhebuje, ikomeza kugabanya ingano y'ibice mu mwaka wa mbere ku kigero cya 1% n'ikigereranyo cy'igabanuka ry'ingano mu mwaka kiri munsi ya 0.4%, ibi bikaba biruta cyane ibice bisanzwe by'ibirahure bimwe. Kugira ngo harebwe ikibazo cy'uburemere bwinshi bw'ibirahure bibiri (cyane cyane binini), habonetse igisubizo cyoroheje gitanga urumuri, cyatumye uburemere bw'ibice 210 bugabanuka bukagera munsi ya kilogarama 25, bigabanya cyane ingorane zo gushyiraho.
Kumenyera ibidukikije ni ikindi cyiza gikomeye cy’uburyo bwo guhuza ikirahuri gifite impande ebyiri. Imiterere yacyo ikomeye y’ibirahuri bibiri iduha ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere neza, irwanya neza uburyo amashanyarazi agabanya ingufu (PID), imirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet, ingaruka z’urubura, ubushuhe bwinshi, kwangirika k’umunyu, n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Mu gushyiraho amashanyarazi yo kwerekana mu turere dutandukanye tw’ikirere ku isi (nk’ahantu hakonje cyane, umuyaga mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubushuhe bwinshi), abakora ibikoresho bahora bagenzura ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora mu gihe kirekire mu turere dukomeye.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha: Guteza imbere ubukungu bw'imishinga ya photovoltaic
Agaciro k'ibirahuri bibiri bifite impande ebyiri kagaragarira mu buryo ubukungu buhagaze neza mu gihe cyose cy'umushinga, cyane cyane mu bihe byihariye byo kuwukoresha:
Ingufu nini zishyirwa hasi: Kwiyongera k'amafaranga mu turere dutanga urumuri rwinshi: Mu butayu, ahantu huzuye urubura cyangwa ahantu hafite amabara yoroheje, kwiyongera inyuma bishobora kugabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi (LCOE) cy'umushinga. Urugero, muri imwe mu mishinga minini ikora kuri photovoltaic muri Amerika y'Epfo - sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya "Cerrado Solar" ya 766MW muri Brezili, gukoresha modules ebyiri zifite impande ebyiri ntibyerekana gusa ubwiyongere bugaragara bw'amashanyarazi ahubwo binateganya kugabanya imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone ho toni 134.000 buri mwaka. Isesengura ry'ubukungu rigaragaza ko mu turere nka Arabiya Sawudite, gukoresha modules ebyiri zigezweho bishobora kugabanya LCOE ho hafi 5% ugereranije n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe, ndetse no kuzigama ikiguzi cya sisitemu (BOS).
Ingufu za photovoltaic zikwirakwizwa: Gukoresha ubushobozi bw'ibisenge n'ubutaka bwihariye: Ku bisenge by'inganda n'ubucuruzi, ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi bivuze gushyiraho sisitemu nini mu gace gato, bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho utwuma. Imibare igaragaza ko mu mishinga minini y'ibisenge, gukoresha modules ebyiri zikora neza cyane bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukora amasezerano rusange y'ubwubatsi (EPC) no kongera inyungu y'umushinga. Byongeye kandi, mu bice bigoye nk'ahantu hakorerwa sima n'imisozi miremire, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwihanganira uburemere bw'ibikoresho n'ubushyuhe bw'uduce tw'ibirahure bibiri butuma biba amahitamo yizewe. Bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bamaze gutangiza ibicuruzwa byihariye n'ibisubizo byo gushyiraho ahantu hihariye nko mu misozi miremire.
Guhuza isoko rishya ry'amashanyarazi: Kunoza inyungu ku biciro by'amashanyarazi: Uko uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha burushaho gukundwa, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi gihuye n'igihe cyo kuzamuka cyane mu gihe cya saa sita cyo gutanga amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic gishobora kugabanuka. Modules ebyiri, zifite igipimo cyazo kinini cy'amabara abiri hamwe n'ubushobozi buke bwo gusubiza urumuri, zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi menshi mu gitondo na nimugoroba iyo ibiciro by'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, bigatuma igiciro cy'amashanyarazi gihura neza n'igihe cyo kuzamuka cy'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bityo bikongera inyungu muri rusange.
Imiterere y'Ikoreshwa: Kwinjira mu Isi no Guhinga mu buryo bwimbitse
Ikarita y'ikoreshwa ry'ibirahuri bibiri bifite impande ebyiri iri kwaguka vuba ku isi yose:
Gukoresha uturere twinshi byagiye bikoreshwa cyane: Mu turere dukoresha imirasire myinshi n'uduce dutanga urumuri rwinshi nko mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, mu Butayu bwa Gobi mu Burengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, no mu gace k'Amajyepfo y'Amerika y'Epfo, modules ebyiri zifite ibirahure bibiri zabaye amahitamo meza mu kubaka sitasiyo nshya nini z'amashanyarazi zishyirwa ku butaka. Hagati aho, mu turere dufite urubura nko mu Burayi bw'Amajyaruguru, imiterere y'umugongo w'igice munsi y'urubura (kugeza kuri 25%) nayo irakoreshwa byuzuye.
Ibisubizo byihariye ku bintu byihariye birimo kugaragara: Inganda zigaragaza icyerekezo cyo guhindura ibintu byimbitse ku bidukikije byihariye. Urugero, mu rwego rwo gusubiza ikibazo cy'umucanga n'ivumbi by'ibigo by'amashanyarazi byo mu butayu, bimwe mu bice byakozwe bifite ubuso bwihariye kugira ngo bigabanye ivumbi ryiyongera, bigabanye inshuro zo gusukura no gukoresha no kubungabunga; Mu mushinga wuzuzanya w'ubuhinzi na photovoltaic, module yohereza urumuri ku gisenge cy'ubushyuhe kugira ngo igere ku bufatanye hagati yo gutanga amashanyarazi n'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi. Ku bidukikije bikomeye byo mu mazi cyangwa ku nkombe, hakozwe ibice by'ibirahure bibiri bifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Gukomeza guhanga udushya no gukemura ibibazo
Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'ibirahuri bibiri bifite impande ebyiri ryuzuye imbaraga, ariko rigomba no guhangana n'ibibazo bitaziguye:
Ingufu zikomeje kwiyongera: Ikoranabuhanga ryo mu bwoko bwa N rihagarariwe na TOPCon muri iki gihe ni ryo rikomeye mu kongera imikorere ya modules ebyiri. Ikoranabuhanga rya perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cell rikomeje guteza imbere imikorere ryagaragaje ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu ku kigero kirenga 34% muri laboratwari kandi byitezwe ko rizaba ingenzi ku iterambere ry’imikorere ry’ibikoresho bibiri bishya. Hagati aho, igipimo cy’ibibiri birenga 90% kizongera umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ku rundi ruhande.
Guhindura imiterere y'isoko: Isoko ry'ibikoresho bibiri ririho ubu rikomeje kwiyongera, ariko rishobora guhura n'impinduka mu miterere yabyo mu gihe kizaza. Uko ibikoresho by'ikirahure kimwe bikura mu ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye kandi rigenga ikiguzi (nk'uburyo bwa LECO bwo kunoza uburyo amazi adashobora kugwamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bihendutse), uruhare rwabo ku isoko ry'ibisenge byakwirakwijwe biteganijwe ko ruziyongera. Ibikoresho bibiri by'ikirahure bibiri bizakomeza gukomera mu myanya yabyo ikomeye mu bigo by'amashanyarazi bishyirwa hasi, cyane cyane mu bihe byo kugaragara cyane.
Ibibazo by'ingenzi bigomba gukemurwa:
Uburemere n'ikiguzi: Inyongera y'ibiro iterwa n'inyubako y'ibirahure bibiri (hafi 30%) ni yo mbogamizi ikomeye ku ikoreshwa ryayo rinini ku bisenge. Amashuka agaragara afite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha nk'ubundi buryo bworoshye, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda ikirere mu gihe kirekire (imyaka irenga 25), kurwanya imirasire y'izuba no kurwanya amazi biracyakeneye kwemezwa n'amakuru menshi yo hanze.
Uburyo bwo guhuza na sisitemu: Gukwirakwiza ibice binini n'ibikoresha ingufu nyinshi bisaba kuvugurura icyarimwe ibikoresho bishyigikira nk'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'inverters, ibyo byongera uburyohe bwo gushushanya sisitemu n'ikiguzi cy'ishoramari rya mbere, kandi bigasaba kunoza ubufatanye mu ruhererekane rw'inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2025