Imboni ye-photovoltaic ibhekene nenguquko esebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka eholwa amamojula elanga aphindwe kabili wamagagasi elanga (aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili). Lobu buchwepheshe bubumba kabusha umzila wezobuchwepheshe kanye nephethini yokusetshenziswa kwemakethe ye-photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke ngokukhiqiza ugesi ngokumunca amandla okukhanya ezinhlangothini zombili zezingxenye futhi kuhlanganiswa nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuqina ezilethwa ukupakishwa kwengilazi. Lesi sihloko sizokwenza ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezici eziyinhloko, inani lesicelo esisebenzayo, kanye namathuba nezinselele ezobhekana nazo esikhathini esizayo samamojula we-bifacial-glass-glass, eveza ukuthi baqhuba kanjani imboni ye-photovoltaic ekufezeni ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi nge-kilowatt-hora, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezibanzi ezimweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izici Zobuchwepheshe Eziyinhloko: Ukweqa okukabili ekusebenzeni kahle nokuthembeka
I-charm eyinhloko yemojula yengilazi ephindwe kabili ye-bifacial ilele kumandla ayo okukhiqiza amandla. Ngokungafani namamojula endabuko anohlangothi olulodwa, ingemuva layo lingakwazi ukuthwebula ngempumelelo ukukhanya komhlabathi okuveziwe (njengesihlabathi, iqhwa, uphahla olunombala okhanyayo noma izitezi zikasimende), okuletha ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okubalulekile okwengeziwe. Lokhu kwaziwa embonini ngokuthi "inzuzo ehlangene kabili". Njengamanje, isilinganiso se-bifacial ratio (isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngemuva naleyo engaphambili) yemikhiqizo evamile ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-85% kuya ku-90%. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu ezifana nezingwadule, inzuzo engemuva yezingxenye ingaletha ukukhuphuka okungu-10% -30% kukho konke ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu hlobo lwesakhi lusebenza kangcono ngaphansi kwezimo zokushiswa kwemisebe ephansi (njengezinsuku zemvula noma ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa), ngokuzuza kwamandla angaphezu kuka-2%.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha nezakhiwo kuyisihluthulelo sokusekela ukuphehlwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe (njengohlobo lwe-N-TOPCon) bushayela amandla ezingxenye ukuthi aqhubeke nokukhuphuka, futhi imikhiqizo evamile ingene kububanzi obungu-670-720W. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kwe-shading yangaphambili nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwamanje, imboni yethule imiklamo engenasisekelo (efana nesakhiwo se-20BB) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta obucwengisisiwe (okufana nokuphrinta isikrini sensimbi). Ezingeni lokupakisha, ukwakheka kwengilazi ekabili (enengilazi kukho kokubili ngaphambili nangemuva) kunikeza isivikelo esivelele, okugcina ukuncipha konyaka wokuqala kwengxenye kungaphakathi kuka-1% kanye nesilinganiso sonyaka sokuncibilika sibe ngaphansi kuka-0.4%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezingxenye zendabuko zengilazi eyodwa. Ukuze kubhekwane nenselele yesisindo esikhulu samamojula engilazi ephindwe kabili (ikakhulukazi amakhulu amakhulu), kwavela isisombululo se-backsheet esikhanyayo esilula, esivumela isisindo samamojula angama-210 ukuba sincishiswe sibe ngaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-25, ukunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bokufaka.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kungenye inzuzo enkulu yemojula yengilazi enezinhlangothi ezimbili. Isakhiwo sayo esiqinile esinengilazi ephindwe kabili siyinikeza ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle kakhulu, imelana ngokuphumelelayo nokunciphisa i-electropotential-induced attenuation (PID), imisebe eqinile ye-ultraviolet, umthelela wesichotho, umswakama ophezulu, ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokusungula iziteshi zamandla okubonisa ezindaweni ezihlukene zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele (ezifana nokubanda okuphezulu, umoya onamandla, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu), abakhiqizi bezingxenye bahlale beqinisekisa amandla abo okusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zohlelo Lokusebenza: Shayela ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kwamaphrojekthi we-photovoltaic
Inani lamamojula anengilazi ekabili enezinhlangothi ezimbili ekugcineni liboniswa ekusebenzeni komnotho kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza:
Iziteshi zikagesi ezinkulu ezibekwe phansi: Isiphindaphindi semali engenayo ezindaweni ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu: Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezineqhwa noma ezinombala okhanyayo, inzuzo engemuva inganciphisa ngokuqondile izindleko ezilinganiselwe zikagesi (LCOE) zephrojekthi. Isibonelo, kwelinye lamaphrojekthi amakhulu we-photovoltaic e-Latin America - isiteshi sikagesi "i-Cerrado Solar" engu-766MW e-Brazil, ukuthunyelwa kwamamojula anengilazi ephindwe kabili ye-bisided akuholeli nje kuphela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngamathani ayi-134,000 ngonyaka. Ukuhlaziywa kwemodeli yezomnotho kubonisa ukuthi ezifundeni ezifana ne-Saudi Arabia, ukwamukelwa kwamamojula we-bifacial athuthukisiwe kunganciphisa i-LCOE cishe ngo-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko, kuyilapho konga izindleko zebhalansi yesistimu (BOS).
Amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa: Ukuthepha amandla ophahleni nasezindaweni ezikhethekile: Ophahleni lwezimboni nezohwebo, ukuminyana kwamandla amakhulu kusho ukufaka amasistimu amakhulu endaweni elinganiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zokufakwa kweyunithi. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi kumaphrojekthi ophahleni amakhulu, ukwamukelwa kwamamojula we-bifacial asebenza kahle kakhulu kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zenkontileka jikelele yobunjiniyela (EPC) futhi kwandise inzuzo yephrojekthi. Ukwengeza, ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nezindawo ze-cement kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu komthwalo wemishini kanye nokumelana nokushisa kokushisa kwamamojula engilazi kabili kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthembekile. Abanye abakhiqizi sebevele bethule imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nezixazululo zokufaka zezindawo ezikhethekile ezifana nokuphakama okuphezulu.
Ukumatanisa imakethe entsha yamandla: Ukuthuthukisa imali engenayo yentengo kagesi: Njengoba indlela yentengo kagesi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa iya ngokuya iduma, intengo kagesi ehambisana nenani eliphakeme elivamile lasemini lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic lingase lehle. Amamojula we-Bifacial, anesilinganiso sawo esiphezulu se-bifacial kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu lokuphendula ukukhanya okubuthakathaka, angakhipha ugesi owengeziwe ekuseni nakusihlwa lapho amanani kagesi ephezulu, okwenza ijika lokuphehla ugesi lifane kangcono nesikhathi senani eliphakeme kakhulu likagesi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe yonke imali engenayo.
Isimo Sesicelo: Ukungena Kwembulunga yonke kanye Nokutshala Kwesigcawu Esijulile
Imephu yohlelo lokusebenza yamamojula anengilazi ephindwe kabili ezinhlangothini ikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele:
Ukusetshenziswa kobukhulu besifunda sekuyinto evamile: Ezifundeni ezinemisebe ephezulu nezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu njenge-Middle East Desert, i-Gobi Desert entshonalanga ye-China, kanye ne-Latin American Plateau, amamojula anengilazi ephindwe kabili ye-bifacial asephenduke inketho ekhethwayo yokwakhiwa kweziteshi ezintsha zamandla amakhulu abekwe phansi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ezifundeni ezineqhwa njengeNyakatho Yurophu, isici sokuzuza okuphezulu kwengxenye yengemuva ngaphansi kokubonakala kweqhwa (kufika ku-25%) sisetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zezimo ezithile ziyavela: Imboni ikhombisa inkambiso yokwenza ngokwezifiso okujulile kwezindawo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, ekuphenduleni inkinga yesihlabathi nothuli lweziteshi zikagesi zasogwadule, ezinye izingxenye zenzelwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile zendawo ukuze kuncishiswe ukunqwabelana kothuli, ukwehlisa imvamisa yokuhlanza nokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokunakekela; Kuphrojekthi ehambisanayo ye-agro-photovoltaic, imojuli ye-bisided yokudlulisa ukukhanya isetshenziswa ophahleni lwendlu ebamba ukushisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuphehla ugesi nokukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Ezindaweni eziqinile zasolwandle noma ezisogwini, izingxenye ezinengilazi ephindwe kabili ezinokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile zenziwe.
I-Future Outlook: I-Innovation Eqhubekayo kanye Nokubhekana Nezinselele
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwamamojula anengilazi ephindwe kabili ezinhlangothini kugcwele ubungqabavu, kodwa futhi kudinga ukubhekana nezinselele ngokuqondile:
Ukusebenza kahle kuyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka: Ubuchwepheshe bohlobo lwe-N olumelwe yi-TOPCon njengamanje bunamandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamamojula akabili. Ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo kakhulu be-perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cell bubonise amandla okuguqula angaphezulu kuka-34% elabhorethri futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube ukhiye wokweqa okusebenzayo kwesizukulwane esilandelayo samamojula akabili. Khonamanjalo, isilinganiso sobuso obubili obudlula ama-90% sizothuthukisa umnikelo wokuphehlwa kwamandla ohlangothini olusemuva.
Ukulungiswa okunamandla kwephethini yemakethe: Isabelo semakethe samanje samamojula we-bifacial sikhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa singase sibhekane nezinguquko zesakhiwo esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba amamojula engilazi eyodwa evuthwa kubuchwepheshe obungasindi kanye nokulawula izindleko (njengezinqubo ze-LECO zokuthuthukisa ukumelana namanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokupakisha ezingabizi kakhulu), isabelo sabo emakethe yophahla esabalalisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule. Amamojula engilazi ekabili ekabili azoqhubeka nokuhlanganisa isikhundla sawo esivelele eziteshini zamandla agibele phansi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu.
Izinselelo ezibalulekile okufanele zixazululwe:
Ibhalansi yesisindo nezindleko: Inzuzo yesisindo elethwa ukwakheka kwengilazi ephindwe kabili (cishe u-30%) iyisithiyo esiyinhloko ekusebenziseni kwayo ngezinga elikhulu ophahleni. Amashidi angemuva asobala anamathemba abanzi njengenye indlela engasindi, kodwa ukumelana nesimo sezulu sesikhathi eside (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25), ukumelana ne-UV kanye nokumelana namanzi kusadinga ukuqinisekiswa ngedatha eyengeziwe yangaphandle.
Ukuvumelana nezimo zesistimu: Ukwenziwa kwaziwe kwezingxenye zamandla amakhulu nezinamandla aphezulu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezisetshenziswa ezisekelayo njengamasistimu wabakaki nama-inverters, okwandisa inkimbinkimbi yokuklanywa kwesistimu nezindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali, futhi kufuna ukuthuthukiswa ngokubambisana kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2025