Masana'antar photovoltaic tana fuskantar inganci da juyi juyi na dogaro da samfuran hasken rana biyu mai igiyar ruwa bifacial (wanda aka fi sani da nau'ikan gilashi biyu na bifacial). Wannan fasaha tana sake fasalin hanyar fasaha da tsarin aikace-aikacen kasuwar hoto ta duniya ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar ɗaukar makamashin haske daga ɓangarorin biyu na abubuwan da kuma haɗa shi tare da fa'idodin dorewa da aka kawo ta hanyar fakitin gilashi. Wannan labarin zai gudanar da bincike mai zurfi game da mahimman halaye, ƙimar aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, da dama da ƙalubalen da zai fuskanta a nan gaba na ƙirar gilashi biyu na bifacial, yana nuna yadda suke fitar da masana'antar hoto zuwa mafi girman inganci, ƙananan farashi a kowace kilowatt-hour, da kuma daidaitawa mai zurfi zuwa yanayi daban-daban.
Babban Fasalolin Fasaha: Tsalle biyu cikin inganci da aminci
Babban abin fara'a na ƙirar gilashin bifacial biyu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa. Ba kamar na gargajiya mai gefe ɗaya ba, bayansa na iya ɗaukar ƙasa yadda ya kamata (kamar yashi, dusar ƙanƙara, rufin haske ko benayen siminti), yana kawo ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki. An san wannan a cikin masana'antar a matsayin "riba mai gefe biyu". A halin yanzu, rabon bifacial (matsayin ingancin samar da wutar lantarki a baya zuwa na gaba) na samfuran al'ada gabaɗaya ya kai 85% zuwa 90%. Misali, a cikin mahalli mai zurfi irin su hamada, riba ta baya na abubuwan da aka gyara na iya haifar da karuwar 10% -30% a cikin yawan samar da wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu, irin wannan nau'in sashi yana yin aiki mafi kyau a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin iska (kamar ruwan sama ko safiya da maraice), tare da samun wutar lantarki fiye da 2%.
Ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da tsari shine mabuɗin don tallafawa ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki. Na'urorin batir na ci gaba (kamar N-type TOPcon) suna motsa ikon abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da haɓaka, kuma samfuran al'ada sun shiga kewayon 670-720W. Don rage asarar shading na gaba da haɓaka haɓakar tarin tarin yanzu, masana'antar sun gabatar da ƙira marasa ƙarfi (kamar tsarin 20BB) da ingantattun fasahohin bugu (kamar bugu na allo). A matakin marufi, tsarin gilashin biyu (tare da gilashi a gaba da baya) yana ba da kariya mai ban mamaki, yana kiyaye ƙimar kashi na farko a cikin kashi 1% da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar shekara-shekara a ƙasa da 0.4%, wanda ya fi girma ga abubuwan haɗin gilashi ɗaya na gargajiya. Don magance ƙalubalen babban nauyin nau'ikan gilashin gilashi biyu (musamman masu girma dabam), wani bayani mai haske mai haske ya fito, wanda ke ba da damar rage nauyin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 210 zuwa ƙasa da kilo 25, yana sauƙaƙe matsalolin shigarwa.
Daidaitawar muhalli wata babbar fa'ida ce ta tsarin gilashin mai gefe biyu. Ƙarfin tsarinsa na gilashin biyu yana ba shi kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, yadda ya kamata yayi tsayayya da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki (PID), haskoki mai ƙarfi na ultraviolet, tasirin ƙanƙara, babban zafi, lalatawar gishiri, da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki. Ta hanyar kafa tashoshin wutar lantarki a wurare daban-daban na duniya (kamar sanyi, iska mai ƙarfi, zafi mai zafi da wurare masu zafi), masana'antun kayan aikin koyaushe suna tabbatar da ƙarfin aiki na dogon lokaci a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Amfanin Aikace-aikacen: Kori haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ayyukan hotovoltaic
Ƙimar nau'ikan gilashin mai gefe biyu yana nunawa a ƙarshe a cikin yuwuwar tattalin arziƙin a duk tsawon rayuwar aikin, musamman a takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen:
Manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki masu girma a ƙasa: Yawan kuɗin shiga a cikin manyan wuraren tunani: A cikin hamada, dusar ƙanƙara ko wurare masu launin haske, riba ta baya na iya rage farashin wutar lantarki kai tsaye (LCOE) na aikin. Misali, a daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan daukar hoto a Latin Amurka - tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin 766MW "Cerrado Solar" a Brazil, tura na'urori masu gilashin biyu ba wai kawai ke haifar da karuwar karfin wutar lantarki ba amma ana kuma sa ran rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da tan 134,000 kowace shekara. Binciken tsarin tattalin arziki ya nuna cewa a yankuna irin su Saudi Arabiya, ɗaukar manyan samfuran bifacial na iya rage LCOE da kusan 5% idan aka kwatanta da fasahar gargajiya, yayin da kuma adana ƙimar tsarin (BOS).
Rarraba wutar lantarki: Taɓawa cikin yuwuwar rufin rufin da filaye na musamman: A kan rufin masana'antu da kasuwanci, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi yana nufin shigar da tsarin ƙarfin girma a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanki, don haka rage farashin shigarwa na naúrar. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa a cikin manyan ayyuka na rufin rufin, ɗaukar manyan ingantattun kayan aikin bifacial na iya rage farashin kwangilar aikin injiniya na gaba ɗaya (EPC) da haɓaka ribar aikin. Bugu da kari, a cikin hadaddun wurare kamar wuraren siminti da kuma tsayin tsayi, ingantacciyar juriya ta injina da juriya na bambancin zafin jiki na nau'ikan gilashin biyu ya sa su zama abin dogaro. Wasu masana'antun sun riga sun ƙaddamar da samfurori na musamman da mafita na shigarwa don yanayi na musamman kamar tsayin tsayi.
Daidaita sabuwar kasuwar wutar lantarki: Haɓaka kudaden shiga farashin wutar lantarki: Kamar yadda tsarin farashin wutar lantarki na lokaci-lokaci ya zama sananne, farashin wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da kololuwar tsakar rana na gargajiya na samar da wutar lantarki na iya raguwa. Na'urori na Bifacial, tare da babban rabonsu na bifacial da ingantaccen ƙarfin amsa haske mai rauni, na iya samar da ƙarin wutar lantarki a safiya da maraice lokacin da farashin wutar lantarki ya yi tsada, yana ba da damar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki don dacewa da mafi girman lokacin farashin wutar lantarki kuma ta haka zai haɓaka kudaden shiga gabaɗaya.
Matsayin Aikace-aikacen: Shiga Duniya da Zurfafawar Halittu
Taswirar aikace-aikacen nau'ikan gilashin mai gefe biyu yana faɗaɗa cikin sauri a duniya:
Aikace-aikacen babban yanki na yanki ya zama na al'ada: A cikin manyan wuraren da ke haskaka haske da kuma babban tunani kamar Hamada ta Gabas ta Tsakiya, Desert Gobi a yammacin kasar Sin, da Plateau na Latin Amurka, na'urori masu gilashin gilashin bifacial sun zama zabin da aka fi so don gina sababbin manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na kasa. A halin yanzu, ga yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara kamar Arewacin Turai, ana amfani da babban fasalin fasalin baya a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara (har zuwa 25%).
Abubuwan da aka keɓance don takamaiman yanayi suna fitowa: Masana'antu suna nuna yanayin haɓaka mai zurfi don takamaiman yanayin aikace-aikacen. Alal misali, don mayar da martani ga matsalar yashi da ƙura na tashoshin wutar lantarki na hamada, an tsara wasu abubuwan da aka tsara tare da sifofi na musamman don rage yawan ƙura, rage yawan tsaftacewa da aiki da farashin kulawa; A cikin aikin haɗin gwiwar agro-photovoltaic, ana amfani da tsarin bisided mai watsa haske akan rufin koren don cimma daidaito tsakanin samar da wutar lantarki da aikin noma. Don matsananciyar yanayin ruwa ko bakin teku, an haɓaka abubuwan haɗin gilashin biyu tare da juriya mai ƙarfi.
Hankali na gaba: Ci gaba da Ƙirƙiri da Magance Kalubale
Haɓaka na gaba na samfuran gilashin mai gefe biyu yana cike da kuzari, amma kuma yana buƙatar fuskantar ƙalubale kai tsaye:
Haƙiƙa na ci gaba da haɓakawa: fasahar nau'in N-nau'in da TOPCon ke wakilta a halin yanzu sune babban ƙarfi wajen haɓaka ingantaccen samfuran bifacial. Ingantacciyar fasahar fasahar siliki ta perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem cell ta nuna yuwuwar iya jujjuyawa sama da 34% a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma ana sa ran za ta zama mabuɗin haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar tsararraki masu zuwa na samfuran bifacial na gaba. A halin yanzu, rabon bifacial da ya wuce 90% zai ƙara haɓaka gudummawar samar da wutar lantarki a gefen baya.
Daidaita canjin yanayin kasuwa: Rabon kasuwa na yanzu na samfuran bifacial yana ci gaba da tashi, amma yana iya fuskantar canje-canjen tsari a nan gaba. Kamar yadda nau'ikan gilashin guda ɗaya suka girma a cikin ƙananan nauyi da fasahar sarrafa farashi (kamar hanyoyin LECO don haɓaka juriya na ruwa da kuma amfani da ƙarin kayan marufi masu tsada), ana sa ran rabon su a cikin kasuwar rufin da aka rarraba zai karu. Na'urorin gilashi biyu na Bifacial za su ci gaba da ƙarfafa babban matsayi a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa, musamman ma a cikin yanayin tunani mai zurfi.
Babban kalubalen da za a warware:
Nauyi da ma'auni na farashi: Girman nauyin da tsarin gilashin biyu ya kawo (kimanin 30%) shine babban cikas ga aikace-aikacensa mai girma a cikin rufi. Fassarar bayanan baya suna da fa'ida mai fa'ida a matsayin madadin nauyi mai nauyi, amma tsayin lokaci (sama da shekaru 25) juriya na yanayi, juriya UV da juriya na ruwa har yanzu suna buƙatar tabbatarwa ta ƙarin bayanan zahiri na waje.
Daidaitawar tsarin: Yaɗa manyan abubuwa masu girma da ƙarfi yana buƙatar haɓakawa lokaci guda na kayan aiki masu goyan baya kamar tsarin shinge da inverters, wanda ke haɓaka rikitaccen ƙirar tsarin da farashin saka hannun jari na farko, kuma yana buƙatar haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a duk cikin sarkar masana'antu.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-18-2025