Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaphampu amanzi elanga asethandwa kakhulu njengesisombululo sokupompa amanzi esinobungani nemvelo futhi esingabizi kakhulu. Kodwa uyawazi umlando wamaphampu amanzi nokuthi amaphampu amanzi elanga abe kanjani yimfashini entsha embonini?
Umlando wamaphampu amanzi uqala ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho abantu baqala ukusebenzisa amandla amanzi ngezinjongo ezahlukene. Iphampu yamanzi yokuqala eyaziwayo ibizwa ngokuthi “ithunzi” futhi yayisetshenziswa eGibhithe lasendulo cishe ngo-2000 BC ukudonsa amanzi eMfuleni iNayile ukuze kuniselwe. Emakhulwini eminyaka, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphampu amanzi, okuhlanganisa amaphampu aphindiselanayo, asebenza nge-centrifugal, kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngalinye linomklamo walo ohlukile kanye nokusebenza kwalo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga kuyinto entsha eye yathola umfutho eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngomthelela wemvelo wamaphampu kaphethiloli avamile kuyanda, isidingo sezixazululo zamandla azinzile navuselelekayo siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Lokhu kuholele emisha kanye nokwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe belanga, okuhlanganisa namaphampu amanzi elanga.
Amaphampu amanzi elanga asebenzisa amaphaneli e-photovoltaic ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, okube sekunika amandla amaphampu futhi kukhishwe amanzi emithonjeni, emifuleni noma kweminye imithombo. Lawa maphampu anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwamaphampu avamile asebenzisa uphethiloli, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuncishisiwe kanye nezidingo ezincane zokulungisa. Ngenxa yalokho, aya ngokuya ethandwa ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuningi kodwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okulinganiselwe.
Izikhuthazo zikahulumeni kanye nezibonelelo ezihlose ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo nazo ziqhuba ukwamukelwa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga. Emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa neNdiya, iShayina kanye nezingxenye ze-Afrika, ohulumeni bakhuthaza ukufakwa kwamaphampu amanzi elanga ngokusekelwa ngezimali kanye nezinqubomgomo zokukhetha. Lokhu kusheshisa ukukhula kwemakethe yamaphampu amanzi elanga, okwenza kube yimfashini entsha embonini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe belanga iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphampu amanzi elanga asebenza kahle futhi athembekile, okwenza kube yizindlela ezisebenzisekayo esikhundleni samaphampu amanzi avamile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Kusukela ekuniseleni kwezolimo kanye nokunisela imfuyo kuya ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi asemakhaya nakwezentengiselwano, amaphampu amanzi elanga abonakalise ukuthi ayisisombululo esiguquguqukayo nesiqhubekayo sezidingo zamanzi.
Ngamafuphi, umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamaphampu amanzi uye wathuthuka iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, ekugcineni waholela ekutheni amaphampu amanzi elanga abe yimfashini entsha embonini. Ngenxa yobungani bawo bemvelo, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokusekelwa kukahulumeni, amaphampu amanzi elanga abe yindlela ethandwayo yokupompa amanzi, okubonisa ukushintshela ezixazululweni zamandla eziqhubekayo nezivuselelekayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nokuqwashisa ngezinkinga zemvelo kuyanda, amaphampu amanzi elanga cishe azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekupompeni amanzi esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-25-2024