Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimpompo zamanzi zelanga ziye zathandwa kakhulu njengesisombululo sokumpompa amanzi esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nesingabizi kakhulu. Kodwa ngaba uyayazi imbali yeempompo zamanzi kunye nendlela iimpompo zamanzi zelanga eziye zaba yimfashini entsha kushishino?
Imbali yeempompo zamanzi iqala kumaxesha amandulo, xa abantu baqala ukusebenzisa amandla amanzi ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Impompo yamanzi yokuqala eyaziwayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"shadoof" kwaye yayisetyenziswa eYiputa yamandulo malunga nowama-2000 BC ukutsala amanzi kuMlambo iNayile ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe. Kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, kuye kwaveliswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempompo zamanzi, kuquka iimpompo ezitshintshanayo, ezisebenzisa i-centrifugal, nezisebenzisa amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, nganye inoyilo kunye nokusebenza kwayo okwahlukileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweempompo zamanzi zelanga yinto entsha ethe yafumana amandla kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Njengoko ulwazi ngempembelelo yeempompo zamafutha zesiqhelo kwindalo esingqongileyo lusanda, imfuno yezisombululo zamandla ezizinzileyo nezihlaziyekayo iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Oku kukhokelele ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha kunye nokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji yelanga, kuquka neempompo zamanzi zelanga.
Iimpompo zamanzi zelanga zisebenzisa iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic ukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane, nto leyo enika amandla iimpompo kwaye ikhuphe amanzi kwimithombo, imilambo okanye eminye imithombo. Ezi mpompo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kuneempompo zemveli ezisebenzisa amafutha, kubandakanya iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuncitshisiweyo kunye neemfuno ezincinci zokulungisa. Ngenxa yoko, ziya zithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nasezidolophini, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinelanga elininzi kodwa umbane ungaphelelanga.
Izikhuthazo kunye neenkxaso-mali zikarhulumente ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo nazo ziqhuba ukwamkelwa kweepompo zamanzi zelanga. Kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka iIndiya, iTshayina kunye neendawo ezithile zaseAfrika, oorhulumente bakhuthaza ukufakwa kweepompo zamanzi zelanga ngenkxaso-mali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo. Oku kukhawulezisa ukukhula kwemarike yeepompo zamanzi zelanga, okwenza kube yifashoni entsha kushishino.
Ukongeza, inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe belanga ikhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kweempompo zamanzi zelanga ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe zezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo endaweni yeempompo zamanzi eziqhelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ukusuka ekunkcenkcesheleni kwezolimo kunye nokusezela imfuyo ukuya kubonelelo lwamanzi asekhaya namashishini, iimpompo zamanzi zelanga ziye zabonakala zisisisombululo esiguquguqukayo nesizinzileyo kwiimfuno zamanzi.
Ngamafutshane, imbali yophuhliso lweempompo zamanzi iye yaphuhliswa kangangeminyaka engamawaka, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekubeni iimpompo zamanzi zelanga zibe yifashoni entsha kushishino. Ngenxa yobuhlobo bazo kokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nenkxaso karhulumente, iimpompo zamanzi zelanga ziye zaba lukhetho oludumileyo lokupompa amanzi, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho oluya kwizisombululo zamandla ezizinzileyo nezihlaziyekayo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwaye ulwazi ngemiba yokusingqongileyo lusanda, iimpompo zamanzi zelanga kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupompeni amanzi kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-25-2024