Afurika y'Epfo ni igihugu kiri mu iterambere rikomeye mu nganda n'ibindi bice bitandukanye. Kimwe mu by'ingenzi by'iri terambere ni ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, cyane cyane ikoreshwa rya sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba n'ububiko bw'izuba.
Ubu ibiciro by’amashanyarazi by’igihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo biri hejuru y’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi byikubye inshuro 2.5 ugereranyije n’ibiciro mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi akorwa ahanini aturuka ku makara, ikintu gihumanya ibidukikije, bigatuma Afurika y'Epfo igira bimwe mu bipimo byo mu kirere bihumanya ikirere cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi.
Afurika y'Epfo ihanganye n'ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose, cyanatumye habaho igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi mu minsi irenga 200 umwaka ushize. Nyuma y'iki kibazo, inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba muri Afurika y'Epfo zirimo gushaka ibisubizo byo kugabanya ubukana bw'amashanyarazi. Kimwe mu bisubizo birimo gusuzumwa ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'izuba kugira ngo bifashe mu gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo by'ingufu bihamye kandi binoze.
Imirasire y'izuba ya PV n'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu bifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi muri Afurika y'Epfo bitewe n'imirasire myinshi y'izuba yakirwa muri icyo gihugu. Imirasire y'izuba ya PV n'uburyo bwo kubika byagabanya kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi usanzwe ndetse bikagabanya n'umutwaro wo gutanga amashanyarazi ku batuye mu byaro aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaboneka.
Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'izuba buhuza photovoltaic, cyangwa selile z'izuba, na bateri kugira ngo bufate kandi bubike ingufu ziva ku zuba ku manywa kugira ngo zikoreshwe nijoro. Selile z'izuba zihindura urumuri rw'izuba mo amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye, cyangwa akabikwa muri bateri. Bateri zikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu zafashwe na selile z'izuba zigahindukamo umuriro usimburana (AC) ushobora gukoreshwa na sisitemu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho. Ubu buryo bufasha mu kugabanya ihindagurika ry'ingufu zikomoka ku zuba, bubika ingufu z'inyongera iyo izuba rirashe kandi bugatanga ingufu mu minsi y'ibicu cyangwa nijoro. Uruvange rw'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'izuba na photovoltaic bitanga isoko ihamye kandi yizewe y'ingufu zisukuye.
Sisitemu zo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zitanga inyungu nyinshi muri Afurika y'Epfo, cyane cyane iyo urebye ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi kirimo. Icya mbere, izi sisitemu zigabanya umuvuduko ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi binyuze mu gutanga indi soko y'amashanyarazi mu bihe bikomeye. Ibi bifasha kugabanya ingano y'igabanuka ry'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku baguzi n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Icya kabiri, binyuze mu gutanga isoko y'amashanyarazi ikorerwa mu gihugu kandi isukuye, izi sisitemu zigabanya umutwaro wo kwishingikiriza ku masoko y'ingufu adasubiramo nka makara na gaze karemano. Icya nyuma, izi sisitemu zishobora gushyirwaho ku giciro gito ugereranyije n'ibiciro by'ingufu gakondo, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza ku bukungu ku ngo no ku bigo.
Uretse ibyiza byavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu z'izuba butanga kandi inyungu nyinshi ku bidukikije. Gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ijyana no gukoresha ingufu zikomoka kuri peteroli, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza cyane. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bushobora gufasha kugabanya ingufu zipfa ubusa bitewe no kudakwirakwiza neza cyangwa gukwirakwiza nabi. Ibi bifasha kugabanya uburemere bw'ingufu ku bidukikije, mu gihe bitanga isoko ryizewe kandi rihendutse ry'ingufu ku bakoresha bo muri Afurika y'Epfo.
Gushyiramo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Afurika y'Epfo byamaze gukorwa mu turere twatoranijwe. Ibi birimo gushyiramo bateri mu ngo no mu bigo by'ubucuruzi kugira ngo zibike ingufu zikusanywa ku manywa kandi zitange amashanyarazi nijoro cyangwa mu gihe cy'akazi kenshi. Ibigo byinshi bikomeye bikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byatangiye guteza imbere uburyo bwo kubika bateri mu ngo no mu bucuruzi, bigaragaza ko ubwo buryo bushobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi no kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Kugira ngo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba burusheho kugira ingaruka nziza muri Afurika y'Epfo, ni ngombwa ko ibigo by'ubucuruzi ndetse n'inzego za leta bashora imari mu iterambere ry'ubu buryo no kubuteza imbere. Ibigo bigomba gushishikarizwa guteza imbere uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse, mu gihe abashyiraho politiki bagomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushishikariza abantu gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Hamwe n'uburyo bwiza n'ubwitange, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bushobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku muyoboro w'ingufu wa Afurika y'Epfo ndetse n'ubukungu muri rusange.
Ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 14, BR Solar yafashije kandi irimo gufasha abakiriya benshi guteza imbere amasoko y'ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu z'izuba birimo umuryango wa Leta, Minisiteri y'Ingufu, Ikigo cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, imishinga itegamiye kuri Leta na WB, Abacuruzi bo mu maduka, Abacuruzi b'inganda, Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi, Amashuri, Amavuriro, Inganda, n'ibindi.
Turi abahanga muri ibi bikurikira:
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Igihe ni ingenzi.
Hari abakiriya benshi bashobora kubaza ibicuruzwa, bityo tugomba gukora vuba. Niba ushaka kubona aya mahirwe vuba, twandikire ku bafite uburambe kugira ngo tuguhe ibisobanuro birambuye.
Uwari uhagarariye: Bwana Frank Liang
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 12 Mata 2023